在阅读这篇文章之前,建议先阅读一下我之前写的两篇文章,对理解这篇文章很有帮助,特别是Mybatis新手:
如果你想获得更好的阅读体验,可以点击这里:
(1)在使用Mybatis操作数据库的时候,每一次的CRUD操作都会去获取一次映射配置文件(mapper xml文件)对应的sql映射。每一个sql映射在内存缓存中(创建SqlSessionFactory之前就缓存在内存中了)都会有唯一ID,就是sql映射所在xml文件的命名空间加上sql映射配置节点的id值。
(2)Mapper xml文件的命名空间使用的是类的全路径名,这样做的好处是可以全局唯一,又可以通过反射获取对应的Mapper类。可以理解成每一个mapper xml文件对应一个Mapper类。(3)mapper xml文件每一个sql映射节点的id属性值对应类的一个方法。我们在配置sql映射的时候也必须这样做,因为Mybatis的底层就是使用反射机制来获取执行方法的全路径作为ID来获取sql的映射配置的。 (4)每一个和mapper xml文件关联的类,都是Mapper类,在执行过程,通过动态代理,执行对应的方法。Mybatis是如何判断哪些类是Mapper类的呢?其实只有在运行时才会知道。在加载Mybatis配置文件中,通过解析mapper xml文件缓存了所有的sql映射配置,在调用SqlSession的getMapper方法获取Mapper类的时候才会生成代理类。
现在,我们来从源码角度分析Mapper代理类的创建过程,demo源码在后面给出 demo示例:
public class Main { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Main.class); public static void main(String[] args) { SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession(); ArticleMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(ArticleMapper.class); Article article = mapper.selectOne(1); LOGGER.info("title:" + article.getTitle() + " " + "content:" + article.getContent()); }}复制代码
我们在这行代码处搭上断点:
ArticleMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(ArticleMapper.class);复制代码
Debug进去,执行下面代码:
publicT getMapper(Class type) { return configuration. getMapper(type, this); }复制代码
configuration持有Mybatis的基本配置信息,继续看看getMapper方法的执行:
publicT getMapper(Class type, SqlSession sqlSession) { return mapperRegistry.getMapper(type, sqlSession); }复制代码
mapperRegistry缓存了所有的SQL映射配置信息,在加载解析Mybatis配置文件(例子是mybatis)和mapper xml文件的时候完成缓存的,继续看getMapper的执行:
publicT getMapper(Class type, SqlSession sqlSession) { // 这里首先会获取Mapper代理类工厂,拿到代理工厂就创建代理类 final MapperProxyFactory mapperProxyFactory = (MapperProxyFactory ) knownMappers.get(type); if (mapperProxyFactory == null) { throw new BindingException("Type " + type + " is not known to the MapperRegistry."); } try { // 创建Mapper代理类 return mapperProxyFactory.newInstance(sqlSession); } catch (Exception e) { throw new BindingException("Error getting mapper instance. Cause: " + e, e); } }复制代码
通过动态代理机制创建Mapper代理类
protected T newInstance(MapperProxymapperProxy) { return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(mapperInterface.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { mapperInterface }, mapperProxy); }复制代码
到这里,动态代理类创建完成。 通过分析了源码执行过程,Mapper代理类的创建过程弄清楚了,大体就是通过从缓存中获取sql映射配置的id(类全路径名+方法名)来通过动态代理机制创建代理类,实际执行的CRUD是执行动态代理类的方法。 执行CRUD操作的时候,我们都会执行到动态代理类的invoke方法:
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { try { if (Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) { return method.invoke(this, args); } else if (isDefaultMethod(method)) { return invokeDefaultMethod(proxy, method, args); } } catch (Throwable t) { throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t); } final MapperMethod mapperMethod = cachedMapperMethod(method); return mapperMethod.execute(sqlSession, args); }复制代码
最后找到映射的方法,执行mapperMethod.execute(sqlSession, args)
。 通过代码我们可以看到,会根据执行方法的操作类型(CRUD)执行不同的逻辑处理。
public Object execute(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) { Object result; switch (command.getType()) { case INSERT: { Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args); result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.insert(command.getName(), param)); break; } case UPDATE: { Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args); result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.update(command.getName(), param)); break; } case DELETE: { Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args); result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.delete(command.getName(), param)); break; } case SELECT: if (method.returnsVoid() && method.hasResultHandler()) { executeWithResultHandler(sqlSession, args); result = null; } else if (method.returnsMany()) { result = executeForMany(sqlSession, args); } else if (method.returnsMap()) { result = executeForMap(sqlSession, args); } else if (method.returnsCursor()) { result = executeForCursor(sqlSession, args); } else { Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args); result = sqlSession.selectOne(command.getName(), param); } break; case FLUSH: result = sqlSession.flushStatements(); break; default: throw new BindingException("Unknown execution method for: " + command.getName()); } if (result == null && method.getReturnType().isPrimitive() && !method.returnsVoid()) { throw new BindingException("Mapper method '" + command.getName() + " attempted to return null from a method with a primitive return type (" + method.getReturnType() + ")."); } return result; }复制代码
我们分析一下查询select:
if (method.returnsVoid() && method.hasResultHandler()) { executeWithResultHandler(sqlSession, args); result = null; } else if (method.returnsMany()) { result = executeForMany(sqlSession, args); } else if (method.returnsMap()) { result = executeForMap(sqlSession, args); } else if (method.returnsCursor()) { result = executeForCursor(sqlSession, args); } else { Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args); result = sqlSession.selectOne(command.getName(), param); }复制代码
首先根据方法返回类型的不同执行不同的逻辑,最终会调用SqlSession的selectXXX方法,
publicT selectOne(String statement, Object parameter) { // Popular vote was to return null on 0 results and throw exception on too many. List list = this. selectList(statement, parameter); if (list.size() == 1) { return list.get(0); } else if (list.size() > 1) { throw new TooManyResultsException("Expected one result (or null) to be returned by selectOne(), but found: " + list.size()); } else { return null; } }复制代码
List<T> list = this.<T>selectList(statement, parameter);
这行代码逻辑处理:
publicList selectList(String statement, Object parameter) { return this.selectList(statement, parameter, RowBounds.DEFAULT); }复制代码
继续进去:
publicList selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) { try { MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement); return executor.query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER); } catch (Exception e) { throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database. Cause: " + e, e); } finally { ErrorContext.instance().reset(); } }复制代码
到这一步,是调用执行器Executor的query方法:
publicList query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException { BoundSql boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameterObject); CacheKey key = createCacheKey(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, boundSql); return query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql); }复制代码
进去query方法:
publicList query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException { Cache cache = ms.getCache(); if (cache != null) { flushCacheIfRequired(ms); if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) { ensureNoOutParams(ms, parameterObject, boundSql); @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") List list = (List ) tcm.getObject(cache, key); if (list == null) { list = delegate. query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql); tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578 and #116 } return list; } } return delegate. query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql); }复制代码
继续进去query方法:
publicList query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException { ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId()); if (closed) { throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed."); } if (queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) { clearLocalCache(); } List list; try { queryStack++; list = resultHandler == null ? (List ) localCache.getObject(key) : null; if (list != null) { handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql); } else { list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql); } } finally { queryStack--; } if (queryStack == 0) { for (DeferredLoad deferredLoad : deferredLoads) { deferredLoad.load(); } // issue #601 deferredLoads.clear(); if (configuration.getLocalCacheScope() == LocalCacheScope.STATEMENT) { // issue #482 clearLocalCache(); } } return list; }复制代码
真正访问数据库的是这行代码:list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
privateList queryFromDatabase(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException { List list; localCache.putObject(key, EXECUTION_PLACEHOLDER); try { list = doQuery(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql); } finally { localCache.removeObject(key); } localCache.putObject(key, list); if (ms.getStatementType() == StatementType.CALLABLE) { localOutputParameterCache.putObject(key, parameter); } return list; }复制代码
查询操作由doQuery方法处理,这段代码就接近原生JDBC操作了,首先会获取语句处理器,然后开始执行语句,执行完,还会对结果进行结果集处理,返回处理的结果集,这里就不多分析了
publicList doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException { Statement stmt = null; try { Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration(); StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(wrapper, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql); stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog()); return handler. query(stmt, resultHandler); } finally { closeStatement(stmt); } }复制代码
我们在使用Mybatis进行CRUD操作的时候,大体过程是这样:
- 解析基本配置文件和Sql映射配置文件(mapper xml)文件,缓存配置文件节点内容在内存(一般此步骤只会执行一次,多次调用都会复用缓存结果)
- 获取SqlSession,通过SqlSession来获取Mapper类,生成Mapper类的代理
- 执行CRUED操作
当然,这个过程Mybatis还做了很多事情,Sql的解析,结果集的处理……等操作我们在这篇文章不分析,后面会有文章分析。这篇文章目的是分析Mapper代理类的创建过程和简单分析一个查询操作的过程。
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